Theories of Different Psychologist

Lev-Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural Theory of Learning

In which the Children continuously learn from their environment with the help of their peers and adults. Under this thinking and knowledge developed in this process of learning, this view of development of Known as the socio-cultural development this Russian Psychologist, Lev Semenovich Vygotsky gave theory on Cognitive development known as socio-cultural theory.

This theory on Cognitive development

2. Jean Piaget Theory of Learning

This theory on Cognitive development

(He said Development and learning)

(He said learning and Development)

what is development?

Dependency to autonomy निर्भरता से आत्मनिर्भर (development) कहलाता. Development is a qualitative change for permanent in life. Such as change in personality or other mental and emotional aspects.

1) Physical Development शारीरक विकास

2) Social Development समाजिक विकास

3) Language Development भाषा का विकास

4) Emotional Development संवेगो का विकास

5) Moral Development सही गलत की पहचान करना रूल्स के आधार पर

Relation of development and learning?

Learning gives help in development that comes from efforts and practice. From learning comes maturation which important for development. There for maturation and learning work together to promote the development of an individual.

what are the Stages of development ?

Prenatal Period (गर्भ अवस्था) (3 to 9 Months)

Infancy ( Birth to 2 Years ) sense based

Early Childhood ( 2 to 6 Years) toy Age

Later Childhood ( 6 to 12 Years) Troublesome Age.

Adolescence ( 13 to 19 Years) Identity Crisis

Factors influencing development ?

Nutrition

Early Stimulation

Child rearing practices

Factors influencing growth and development (Internal Factors)?

1. Hereditary factors

2. Biological or constitutional factors

3. Intelligence

4. Emotional factors

5. social nature

6. The environment available after birth

7. The quality of the physical environment and medical care and nourishment,

8. What a child gets from this social and cultural environment.

9. Parental and family care received by a child

10. The economic and social status of the parents and the family child

11. The quality of the neighbourhood and surrounding environment

12. The quality of schooling received by a child

13. The quality of peer group relationships and a company of a child

14. The quality of educational and vocational facilities and opportunities available to a child.

15. The quality of the government, laws and organization of the society to which a child belongs.

16. The quality of the power and status enjoyed by the country to which a child belongs.

17. Role of a teacher in growth and development of children

Relation of development and learning ?

Learning gives help in development that comes from efforts and practice. From learning comes maturation which important for development. There for maturation and learning work together to promote the development of an individual

He was From Switzerland that’s why we say him Swiss psychologist

In which four stages are:

learn from the senses

Deductive Method

1. It does not give any new knowledge

2. It is a method of verification

3. It is the method of instruction

4. Child gets ready made information and makes use of it.

5. It is quick process

6. It encourages dependence of other sources

7. It is a downward process of thought and reads to use full results

8. There is less scope of activity in it.

Inductive Method

1. It gives new knowledge

2. It is a method of discovery

3. It is a method of teaching

4. Child acquires firs hand knowledge and information by actual observation

5. It is a slow process it trains the mind and gives self-confidence and initiative

6. It is an upward process of thought and leads to principles

7. It is full of activity

1. Sensorimotor

2. Preoperational

3. Concrete operational

4. Formal operational

Russian and Soviet psychologist

He said main directly learning come from the Maturation and social interaction.

Jean Piaget concept on heredity according to age He will learn

Lawrence Kohlberg

Lawrence Kohlberg theory based on moral development

In which 3 Levels

6 stages

Moral Decision

About Right

About Wrong

Pre Conventional

1. Avoiding Punishment

2. Expecting a Reward

Post Conventional

1. Social Good & Social Contract

2. Universal Principals of Ethics & Social Principles

Conventional

1. For Others Approval ( Good Boy-Good Girl)

2. Expecting a Reward

External Force

External & Internal Force

Internal Force

Criticism - this theory studied only males.